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Taking Care of Burns
Written by Dr. Rhitam Chakraborty   
Thursday, 19 February 2009 06:15

You can get burned by heat and fire, radiation, sunlight, electricity or chemicals. There are 3 degrees of burns:

·    First-degree burns are red and painful. They swell a little. They turn white when you press on the skin. The skin over the burn may peel off after 1 or 2 days.

·    Thicker burns, called second-degree burns, have blisters and are painful. The skin is very red or splotchy, and it may swell a lot.
·    Third-degree burns cause damage to all layers of the skin. The burned skin looks white or charred.

 These burns may cause little or no pain because the nerves in the skin are damaged.

Healing time for Burns
·    First-degree burns usually heal in 3 to 6 days.
·    Second-degree burns usually heal in 2 to 3 weeks.
·    Third-degree burns usually take a very long time to heal.
  Treatment of Burns
The treatment depends on what kind of burn you have. If a first- or second-degree burn covers an area larger than 2 to 3 inches in diameter, or is on your face, hands, feet or genitals, you should see a doctor right away. Third-degree burns require emergency medical attention.

Do not put butter, oil, ice or ice water on burns. This can cause more damage to the skin.

First-degree burn
Soak the burn in cool water. Then treat it with a skin care product like aloe vera cream or an antibiotic ointment. To protect the burned area, you can put a dry gauze bandage over the burn. Take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as acetaminophen (one brand name: Tylenol), ibuprofen (some brand names: Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (brand name: Aleve), to help with the pain.

Second-degree burn
Soak the burn in cool water for 15 minutes. If the burned area is small, put cool, clean, wet cloths on the burn for a few minutes every day. Then put on an antibiotic cream, or other creams or ointments prescribed by your doctor. Cover the burn with a dry nonstick dressing held in place with gauze or tape. Check with your doctor's office to make sure you are up-to-date on tetanus shots.

Change the dressing every day. First, wash your hands with soap and water. Then gently wash the burn and put antibiotic ointment on it. If the burn area is small, a dressing may not be needed during the day. Check the burn every day for signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, swelling or pus. If you see any of these signs, see your doctor right away. To prevent infection, avoid breaking any blisters that form.

Burned skin itches as it heals. Keep your fingernails cut short and don't scratch the burned skin. The burned area will be sensitive to sunlight for up to one year.

Third-degree burn
For third-degree burns, go to the hospital right away. Don't take off any clothing that is stuck to the burn. Don't soak the burn in water or apply any ointment. You can cover the burn with a sterile bandage or clean cloth until you receive medical assistance.

About electrical and chemical burns
A person with an electrical burn (for example, from a power line) should go to the hospital right away. Electrical burns often cause serious injury inside the body. This injury may not show on the skin.

A chemical burn should be washed with large amounts of water. Take off any clothing that has the chemical on it. Don't put anything on the burned area. This might start a chemical reaction that could make the burn worse. If you don't know what to do, see your doctor right away.

 
Kick Off Anxiety and Stress from your life
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Written by Dr. Rhitam Chakraborty   
Friday, 20 February 2009 03:36

Anxiety isn't necessarily a bad thing. Some amount of anxiety is normal for everyone, such as being a little nervous before a test or when you meet someone new who you really like.

Did you ever shake somebody's hand and realize that your hand is kind of clammy? That's anxiety. Although it can be uncomfortable, it is usually our body's natural way to prepare for a stressful situation.

Our body is equipped with what's called an autonomic nervous system. This controls many of the automatic functions of our body; our heart rate, breathing, and digestion. When we are faced with a situation which requires our body to respond, the autonomic nervous system changes these functions to deal with that situation. When we get scared, we may feel our heart beating faster or harder; this helps get the blood to the muscles in case they are needed. We may also feel our skin get cold or our hands get clammy. This is because skin is an organ and blood flow may be reduced to the body's organs in order to increase the blood in the muscles. Your body may feel tense as the muscles prepare themselves and you may feel your breathing get deeper as more oxygen is required for your body at that time. These changes occur very quickly and take a lot longer to go back to normal.

When these physiological changes occur when they aren't really needed, or they occur when they shouldn't (such as when you are relaxed and suddenly feel nervous without anything in your environment changing), then anxiety may be a problem. Although these physiological symptoms are usually associated with anxiety and what has been called 'anxiety attacks' or 'panic attacks,' thoughts and emotions are also involved.

Thoughts, or cognitions, which can serve to bring about, increase, or result from an anxiety attack are different for everybody. Thoughts may be "I'm not good enough," "I'm gonna fail this test," "I look stupid," or "It's hopeless." They are typically thoughts relating to something being wrong or about to go wrong, not being good enough, making a fool of ourselves, or fear that one of these things is going to happen. Emotions that occur with anxiety, which may also cause, increase, or result from the physiological symptoms are even more diverse. They can be feelings of embarrassment, fear, not being safe (both emotionally and physically), being alone, or feelings of being closed in (such as in claustrophobia).

Just as physical exercise such as running, playing football, or lifting weights can prepare our bodies for the next time we engage in these activities, certain exercises can prepare our bodies for stressful situations. The key to both is consistency. If we exercise regularly, we feel better, and activities are less strenuous because our bodies are ready.
The following ‘stress reduction’ exercises can help you’re body be prepared for stressful situations if you do them consistently and will help relieve stress during those times of high anxiety.

These exercises are listed in order of complexity. The earlier ones are quite simple to perform and can be done literally in a matter of a minute or less. These are more useful for immediate stress reduction. The later ones are more complex, taking up to 10 or 15 minutes to complete. They are more useful for generalized anxiety and stress, and to reduce your overall level of anxiety.

Start Exercising
Try each exercise at least a couple of times, both during times of stress and during times when you nay not feel it is needed. This will help you determine which one or which combination works best for you. Keep practicing them, make changes as needed, and pay attention to how you feel afterward. Being prepared is the best way to fight anxiety and stress. That way, when the stress hits, you’ll be ready. And you will likely find yourself feeling more in control of anxiety and stress and start noticing that your overall feelings of stress is diminishing. Anxiety and stress can be controlled, and now you have the power to do it.

Exercise #1: Stop!
Particularly useful when a stressor hits you suddenly or when a situation occurs which results in racing thoughts and high anxiety. Simply imagine a picture in your head, such as a Stop Sign. Focus on the image until you are able to picture it completely (color, shape, words, etc). Continue to focus for at least 10 or 15 seconds.

Exercise #2: Counting
As simple as it sounds. When you feel that stressor hit you...stop, close your eyes, and count to ten slowly. As you count, focus on your breathing and the numbers only. If stressful thoughts get in the way, start back at one.

Exercise #3: Deep Breathing
Sit in a comfortable position and close your eyes.

Focus on your breathing and breath in through your nose and out through your mouth.

Breath slowly and deeply and focus on the steady and comfortable pace that you are keeping.

Make sure to exhale completely each time, without forcing the air out.

If you find thoughts going through your mind, start to tell yourself something that helps you relax, such as just repeating the word "relax," or counting 1-2-1-2-1-2 as you breath in and out.

Continue this for a few minutes until you feel yourself begin to relax, until the thoughts and emotions are more comfortable for you.

Exercise 4: Progressive Muscle Relaxation
Sit in a comfortable position, close your eyes if it helps, and remove your shoes if you can.

Clench your hands into fists and hold them tight for a few seconds, then allow them to relax slowly.

Do this with the other muscles in your body, in an order similar to the following: wrists, lower arms, upper arms, shoulders, neck, feet, legs, buttocks, stomach, lower back, upper back, forehead, eyes, jaw, lips.

Focus your thoughts on the tenseness of your muscles and then the feelings of relaxation.

Exercise 5: Deep Muscle Relaxation
Sit in a comfortable position, close your eyes, and remove your shoes if you can.

Clench your hands into fists and hold them tight for a few seconds, then allow them to relax slowly.

Do the same with your feet, clenching your toes and paying attention to the sensations as you do this. When you relax them, once again pay attention to the sensations as the muscles relax, often there are sensations of tingling, coolness, or warmth.

Without tensing your muscles anymore, focus on whatever sensation you noticed when your feet and/or hands relaxed. Allow this sensation to flow into your feet and past your heel to your ankle.

As fast or slow as you need to go, focus on the sensation of your muscles relaxing and allow that sensation to move upward, into your legs, buttocks, hips, stomach and back. Make sure not to force yourself to relax, as this process occurs naturally if you allow it.

Allow the sensations to move into your chest, through your shoulders and down your arms, and finally up to your neck and the rest of your head.

This whole process may take 5 minutes or it may take 20 minutes, depending on how anxious you were, how relaxed you want to be, and how used to relaxation your body is. Take your time as you do this, and practice it even if you don't feel you need it. Eventually your body will take less time to achieve the same results.

Exercise 6: Imagery
Sit in a comfortable position and close your eyes.

Think of a place were you would feel very comfortable and safe, such as lying on a beach, in a field of grass, or at the top of a mountain. Whatever image you come up with is fine, even if it seems strange or isn't real.

Concentrate on this image and pay attention to the details, such as what time of day it is, the temperature, the feeling of the wind as it blows, the sounds of the waves, or the leaves rustling.

Continue to focus on what you see, hear, and feel, and on being comfortable and safe.

Do this for 5 minutes or so.

As you do this more and more, you will be able to imagine this much more clearly. You may find that different images work better at different times.

 
Nita's love story
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love and romance
Written by Rhituparna Bhattacharyya   
Saturday, 21 February 2009 09:27

Nita was a charming girl in her mid twenties. With her jet-black long hair, bright eyes, tall and slender built, peach and cream complexion, sharp features, she is certainly the apt definition of ambrosial beauty.

She was working in an institution as a lecturer. Like every other parents of a girl of marriageable age, Nita’s parents were also worried about her marriage. As she was blessed with all those attributes which a perfect bride to be should have, innumerable matches came for her. But, Nita had some other dreams regarding her wedding. She always dreamt of meeting her ‘husband to be’ somewhere in a crowded place, where their eyes met and both get drowned in the sea of love in each other eyes only to get awaked by the hustle bustle around them. And then, they slowly approach each other, talk and then slowly bid farewell for the day and again back home relive all the days’ sweet happenings. Then with the dawn of each day, their love strengthens and finally they get married and live happily ever after.

 

So, this was Nita’s dream and because of this she rejected all the proposals that came for her. Her parents were fed up and decided to abide by Nita’s wish. Nita was also fastidious; she was not willing to marry any Tom, Dick or Harry. Her dream boy had to be good looking, dashing, intelligent and polite. Because of all this Nita was still a spinster and her quest for her dream boy was on. She never missed any social gathering, be it a birthday party or a wedding party or even a funeral ceremony. Just hoping, she meets her dream boy in the crowd.

 

Then comes a day, where something happens. What happens? We will know. Just keep on reading this story.  It was the birthday celebration of Rahul, the 10-year-old boy of Nita’s Mom’s best friend. As it is, Nita was looking ravishing. She and her parents made their way to the party and greeted Rahul. While her parents were got busy talking to Rahul’s parents, Nita eyed all around hoping to find her dream boy. Suddenly, her eyes came in contact with someone she was looking for. Yes, he the one Nita eyes were searching. Tall, dark, handsome, dashing, yes, this was the boy of her dreams. The gentleman was standing in a corner of the hall. Both Nita and the boy were got lost in each other’s eye. Suddenly, Nita’s mother called her and asked her to join the others while the birthday boy cut the cake. Nita and the dashing gentleman joined the others in the celebration but both of them were busy throwing glimpses at each other. Suddenly, another girl came and stood beside the gentleman and started clapping for the birthday boy with the other people around. For a fraction of a second, Nita felt insecure because of the presence of the other woman near her dream boy. But she felt comfortable, after observing carefully that the boy did not show much interest in the other girl. Moreover, the other girl was certainly not as beautiful as Nita. After the cake cutting celebration, everyone moved towards the dining area. With plates in their hands, both Nita and her dream boy came close and got introduced to each other. “Hi, I am Aarav.” “I am a doctor by profession”, said the boy. Nita’s cheeks suffused with an auroral blush. She said , “ I am Nita , a lecturer by profession”.  Both of them smiled and went ahead to get some ice cream. While Nita was helping herself, she was lost in the thoughts of the boy. She felt her dream was no longer a dream, it’s going to become a beautiful truth. She will certainly get married to Aarav and both of them will lead a blissful life. Just then, she realized, Aarav was not beside her. He was standing beside an elderly man. Nita thought that must be Aarav’s father. Thinking so, she was just about to go and talk to Aarav, when Nita’s father came. “Papa”, she said, you had your dinner? Nita’s father replied, “Yes, I had just now”. “ Actually, I wanted to introduce you to a very close friend of mine and his family”. Nita said, “ who”?  Pointing to the elderly gentleman and Aarav, Nitas father said, “there, now come along with me dear . “. Nita’s joy knew no bounds. Her dream boy turned out be her father’s friend’s son, wow, what else can she ask for? Happily she followed her father and went near Aarav. Just then, the girl who stood beside Aarav during the birthday cake cutting celebration came and stood beside the elderly gentleman. Nita thought, “ Oh, I was worrying unnecessarily. She must be Aarav’s sibling”. Nita smiled to herself. Then her father shook his hands with the elderly gentleman and told Nita, “ This is Mr. Sharma, a very good friend of mine”. Mr. Sharma smiled and said to Nita’s father “ And this must be your daughter”. Nita’s father smiled and said, “ You are right, she is my only daughter, Nita.” Nita folded her hands and said “ Namaskar”. Mr. Sharma patted on Nita’s shoulder and said pointing to the girl standing beside him, “ this is my daughter, Sneha”.  Nita smiled and said “hello”. Now, it was Aarav’s turn to be introduced to her. Nita was shivering with shyness. She was not able to control her happiness. Just then, Mr. Sharma held Aarav’ shoulder and said “ Nita, he is Aarav, my son-in-law, Sneha’s husband”. Nita was dumbstruck. She did not know what to do. She felt darkness all around her. All her dreams, hopes, got ground to dust. She just slowly moved away and went to her mother. Back home, she tried not to think of the incident. Next morning, she told her parents, she is willing to marry the boy they select for her. Her parents were surprised but at the same time happy that she awoke from her rosy dream and came back to reality.

 
An Apercu of Assamese Culture
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Written by Rhituparna Bhattacharyya   
Monday, 23 February 2009 03:59

Assamese culture is a vast topic. Its not possible to cover every aspect of the Great Assamese culture in a small article format.

To know about the magnanimous Assamese culture, one has to go through a number of books and has to do a lot of research. Since it is a Herculean task, I decided write a synopsis of this colossal culture so that those readers who do not know much about our motherland can get some idea. I hope you will get a small glimpse of our very own Mother Assam.

Assam, pronounced Oxom , is located in the North Eastern part of India. Assam has an area of 30,285 square miles. This beautiful state encompasses the Barak and the Brahmaputra river valleys along with the Karbi Anglong and the North Cachar Hills. Surrounded by Arunachal Pradesh , Nagaland , Manipur , Mizoram , Tripura and Meghalaya , Assam shares International borders with Bhutan and Bangladesh. Popular for Assam tea, petroleum resources and Assam silk, Assam is rich is cultural diversity and also flora and fauna. The Kaziranga and the Manas are world heritage sites because they provide habitats for the one horned rhinocerous, tigers, innumerable species of birds and ofcourse the asian elephant.


Assamese culture is rich because it’s a hybrid resulting from the absorption of major milestones, which took place through out its evolution. The first and the foremost being the establishment of the kamrupa kingdom followed by the establishment of the Ahom dynasty in the 13th century, Koch Kingdom (15th to 16th century) ,  Kachari Kingdom  ( 12 to 18th century ) and finally the Vaishnav movement  led by Srimanta Sankar Deva.  The American Baptist Missionaries such as Mr. Nathan Brown, and local pundits such as Sri Hem Chandra Barua standardized the Assamese language. Symbolism is a prominent element in Assamese culture. The use of a variety of things to represent beliefs, feelings etc is an indispensable part of Assamese Culture. For example, tamul pan, xorai , Gamosa , etc are used to portray feelings of devotion , respect and pride.

When it comes to festivals Assam holds her head high because she is famous in this sphere. The most important festival of Assam is Bihu. Rongali Bihu, kati bihu and bhogali Bihu are the three types of Bihu. Rongali Bihu also known as Bohag Bihu is celebrated with the onset of spring. Kongali Bihu means Barren Bihu because it’s celebrated when the fields are green but barns are empty. Bhogali bihu is celebrated during the harvest season when the barns are full.

In the field of performing arts, Assam has to its credit the Ankiya Nat. The Ankiya Nat is a vaishnav dance drama also known as Bhaona, where actors wear large masks of God, Goddesses, demons, animals etc and in between the plays a ‘sutradhar ‘ tells the story. Major folk dances of Assam comprises of the Bihu Dance, “Hucory”, the ‘Kushan Nritya’ of the Rajbongshi’s , the bagarumba and the bordoichila dance of the Bodos , Mishing Bihu , and the  Banjar Kekan which is performed by Karbis . Sattriya Dance is another classical and an important dance form of Assam. Apart from these very dance forms , other important dances of  Assam include , the Bhortal nritya , the Deodhani Nritya , Oja Paali , Beula Dance etc .  Assam is also known for its moving theatres . The kohinoor and the apsara are renowned theatre groups.

Assam also has a rich culture of music. The music of Assam can be divided into various categories. These include the Regional folk music, comprising “Kamrupiya Lokageet “, “Goalpariya Lokageet”, “Ojapali” , “ Tokari Geet”  , then we have ethnic folk music like “ jhumur” and “ Bharigaan”, then there is ofcourse , Bihu Geet comprising the “Husori” , then we have allied styles such as “ Biya Naam” , “Bongeet” , Gorokhiya Naam” , “ Nisukoni Geet” , “Gorokhiya Naam” . We also have , Bhakti Music like “ Borgeet ( example , Xuna Xuna re Xuna ) , and “ Zikir ‘ and finally we have Contemporary music.   The major exponents of Assamese Music include Mahapurush Srimanta Shankardev, Sri Madhabdev , Sri Luit Konwar Rudra Barua , Padmabhushan Dr. Bhupen Hazarika , Sri Jayanta Hazarika , Rupkonwar Jyoti Prasad Agarwala , Kalaguru Bishnu rabha , Smt Parvati Prasad Baruwa , sri ambikagiri Raichowdhury , Begum Parveen Sultana , Smt Dipali Borthakur , Smt Queen Hazarika , Smt  Pratima Barua Pandey, Sri khagen Mahanta , Sri Samar Hazarika , Sri Zubeen Garg , to name a few.

Assam is also known for cane and Bamboo craft, bell metal and bass craft, silk and cotton weaving , pottry and terracotta work . The xorai and the bota , made from bell metal and brass are found inalmost  every assamese home. The most important centers of traditional bell metal and barass crafts are Hajo and sarthebari.  Sualkuchi is the center for the tradional assamese silk industry. The  muga and paat being the prominent silks.

Assam has also to its credit a markedly good cinema industry. Though the Assamese cinema has not really achieved much through out these years, yet it is making a marked improvement in today’s age. The Assamese film industry was born in 1935 . This was the year when Rupkonwar Jyoti Prasad Agarwala , released his movie Joymoti. Renowned   directors of contemporary Assamese Cinema are Jahnu Baruah (who directed Aparoopa, Papori, Haladhia Choraye Baodhan Khai, Banani, Firingoti and Hkhagoroloi Bohu Door); Sanjeev Hazarika (Haladhar, Meemanxa) and Bhabendra Nath Saikia who directed Sandhya Raag, Anirbaan, Agnisnaan, Sarothi, Kolahol, Abartan, Itihaas and Kaal Sandhya). Other directors include Santwana Bordoloi who directed Adajya and Bidyut Chakraborty who made Rag Birag, both of which have won National & International Awards.


References::
Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia

Barua, Birinchi Kumar (1969), A Cultural History of Assam, Guwahati: Lawyer's Book Stall

Goswami, Praphulladatta (1988), Bohag Bihu of Assam and Bihu Songs, Guwahati: Assam Publication Board

Medhi, Kaliram (1978), Studies in the Vaisnava Literature and Culture of Assam, Jorhat, Assam: Asam Sahitya Sabha

 
Are you in Love ?
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Written by Purabi Sharma   
Friday, 20 February 2009 03:32

How to know if you are really in love?

It is a very common question, "How can I tell I'm in love?", but it is not an easy question to answer. What feels like love to one person may be nothing more than attraction to another.

Some people fall in and out of love quickly and often while others are never really in love as much as they are in lust. This can get confusing when you are a teen because romantic love is a relatively new concept for you and you don't know what to expect. You are overwhelmed with all sorts of new feelings and social pressures. They are confusing. What is love? What makes you want a romantic relationship with one person and not another? How does your heart choose a partner? Why does love end? These questions can't be easily answered.
One of the most confusing quasi-love feelings is lust. Lust is a very powerful, very intense feeling of physical attraction toward another person. Lust is mainly sexual in nature - the attraction is superficial based on instant chemistry rather than genuine caring. Usually we lust after people we do not know well, people we still feel comfortable fantasizing about. It is very common for people to confuse lust for love. But why? What is it about lust and love that make them so easy to mix up? Teens struggle with this because they see lust in the Biblical sense, but lust isn't that sinister. Lust is about physical attraction and acting ONLY on physical attraction. Love is about much more than that. Yet many teens (and to be fair, many adults) confuse an intense attraction for some sort if divine love. For teens, since feelings of attraction are still new and since pop-culture sells sex and love as one package, it is very easy to get the two mixed up.
Lust is clearly not love. Love is based on more than just physical attraction. Sure, attraction is a factor, but love goes deeper than that. Love is based on caring, friendship, commitment and trust. When you are in love it is as if you have your best most trusted friend at your side AND you feel physically attracted to them. It is the best of both worlds! Love is a shared feeling between two people who have a vested interest in one another’s happiness. Love is not about jealousy. It is not about conflict. It is not about testing. Love is a positive feeling. If it is tainted by mistrust, jealousy, insecurity or spitefulness it is not really love but merely a pale copy. Love is the total surrender of your heart to another person with the security of knowing they will treat it better than you will. Love should feel good. It should not feel bad. Love should make you want to be a better person, it should not lead you to do something self destructive. Love is not demanding of your spirit but lifts it and makes it glow. Love is a good thing. Anything less is lust, deep friendship or attraction. So the sappiness aside, the question remains, how can you tell you are in love?
There is no easy way to find the truth behind your feelings or the feelings of another person but there are some tell-tale signs that love is blooming (or growing deeper). If you agree with 7 of the following 8 statements you are probably in love.
1.    You know, because you have been told by your significant other, that your deep feelings are returned in kind.
2.    The object of your affections makes you feel special and good about yourself.
3.    If/when you feel jealous it is always fleeting; you trust your partner not to betray you or hurt your relationship.
4.    Nothing makes you feel as serene as when you and your partner are together.
5.    When you fight with your partner you usually make up within a few hours and you always agree that nothing is more important than you both being able to express your true feelings (even if they sometimes cause conflict).
6.    Your partner never asks you to choose between him/her and your loyalties to your family and friends - if you do choose him/her over them you always have a good reason and it is always YOUR decision, and your decision alone.
7.    Neither you or your partner feel the need to test the other's loyalties or feelings.
8.    You are more yourself when with your partner than you are with anybody else.
 
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